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31D. Pimentel, op.cit.



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34D. Pimentel, op. cit.



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38Robert P. Ambroggi, Water, Scientific American, September, 1980.



39UNEP, State of the environment 1976, Nairobi, 1976.



40Comisión Nacional del Agua de México/FAO, Informe de la misión al país, Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Programa Internacional sobre el Agua y el Desarrollo Agrícola Sostenible. FAO, Roma, 1991.



41UNEP/GEMS, Freshwater pollution, UNEP, Environment Library, núm. 6, Nairobi, 1991.



42FAO, Dimensions of need, op.cit.



43W.R. Rangley, Irrigation and drainage in the world, International Conference on Food and Water. Texas University, College Station, Texas, mayo, 1985.



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46W.R. DerrickSewell, «Inter basin water diversions: Canadian experiences and perspectives», en Large scale water transfers, UNEP, Nairobi, 1986.



47Philip P. Micklin, «Inter-basin water transfers in the United States», en Large scale water transfers.



48Kobe Shoji, «Drip irrigation», Scientific American, November, 1977.



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50UNEP-GEMS, Freswater pollution, UNEP, Nairobi, 1991.



51Erik Eckholm, Losing Ground, Norton, Nueva York, 1976.



52UNEP, State of the environment 1976, Nairobi, 1976.



53Naciones Unidas, Conference of Desertification, «Transnational project to monitor desertifications processes and related natural resources in arid and semiarid areas of Latin America», Nairobi, 1977.



54Paul Harrison, Inside the Third World, Penguin Book, 1979.



55Sandra Postel, «Managing Freshwater supplies», en State of the world: A Worldwatch Institute Report, W.W. Norton & Co., Nueva York-Londres, 1985.



56FAO, El estado mundial de la agricultura y la alimentación, op. cit.



57V. Kovda, The management of soil fertility. Nature and Resources, vol. III, n. 1, 1977; «The world soils and human activity», en N. Polunin (comp.), The environmental future, McMillan, Nueva York, 1972.



58FAO, World agriculture: towards 2010. An FAO study, N. Alexandratos, FAO-John Wiley & Sons. Nueva York-Roma,1995.



59FAO, Dimensions of need. An atlas of food and agriculture, FAO, Roma, 1995.



60Naciones Unidas, Conference on Desertification, «Economic and Financial Aspects of the Plan of Action to Combat Desertification», Nairobi, 1977.



61R. Cummings, et. al, Waterworks; improving irrigation management in Mexican agriculture, World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. 1989.



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66L. Shanan, «The impact of irrigation» en Land transformation in agriculture, compilado por M.G. Wolman y F.G.A. Fournier, SCOPE 32, John Wiley & Sons, Nueva York, 1987.



67CEPAL, op. cit.



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69CEPAL, Anuario estadístico, op. cit.



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75M. Redclift, y David, R., Sustainable development and the rural poor, FAO, Roma, 1990.



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78FAO, Dimensions of need... op. cit.



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80Congress of the United States, Office of Technology Assessment: Technology, public policy, and the changing structure of American agriculture, U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1986.



81T.W. Walker et al., «Fate of labeled nitrate and ammonium nitrogen when applied to grass and clover separately and together», Soil Science, 81, pp. 339-352, 1956.



82National Research Council, World food and nutrition study, National Academy of Science, Washington, 1977.



83Paolo Bifani, «Socioeconomic aspects of technological innovation in food production systems», en Memorie di Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze, serie V, vol. XI, parte II, Roma, 1987.



84N.A. Buck, B.J. Estesen y G.W. Warr, «DDT moratorium in Arizona: residues in soil and alfalfa after 12 years», Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol., 13 pp. 61-72, 1982; B.K. Cooke y A. Stringer, «Distribution and breakdown of DDT in an orchard soil. Pesticide Science», 13, pp, 545-551, 1982.



85G.A. Wheatley, «The assessment and persistence of residues of organochlorine insecticides in soils and their uptake by crops», Ann. Appl. Biol., 55, pp. 325-329, 1965.



86H. El-Sebae, Management of pesticides residues in Egyptian environment, University of Alexandria, Research Center, 1982.



87Flint and van den Bosch: A surce book on integrated pest management, Univ. of California. Int. Center for Integrated and Social Control. 1977.



88G., Bryce, Crop protection: present achievement and future challenges, Chem and Ind., june 1976.



89R. Conway Gordon y Jules N. Pretty, Unwelcome Harvest, Earthscan Publications Ltd, Londres, 1991.



90FAO, Dimensions of need, op. cit.



91FAO, The state of food and agriculture, 1977, op. cit.



92FAO, Basic supply and marketing data for agro-pesticides in Indonesia, ARSAP/Pesticides, FAO, Bangkok, 1980.



93Luis López Cordovez, Trends and recent changes, op. cit.



94T. O’Toole, «Over 40% of world’s food is lost to pests», Washington Post, marzo 6 de 1972; citado por D. Weir y M. Chapiro en Circle of Poison. Institute for Food and Development Policy, San Francisco, 1981.



95Jürgen Düszeln, «Pesticide contamination and pesticide control in developing countries: Costa Rica», en Mervyn L. Richardson (ed.), Chemistry, agriculture and the environment, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991.



96P. Bifani, Socioeconomic aspects..., op. cit.



97P. Bifani, «New biotechnologies for rural development», en L. Ahmed (ed), Biotechnology a hope or a threat?, MacMillan, Londres, 1992.



98CEPAL, Veinticinco años en la agricultura de América Latina, op. cit.



99CEPAL, El desarrollo sustentable: transformación productiva, equidad y medio ambiente, Naciones Unidas-CEPAL, Santiago, 1991.



100CEPAL, Veinticinco años en la agricultura de América Latina 1950-1975, Cuadernos de la CEPAL, Santiago, 1978.



101FAO, Land, food and people, FAO, Roma, 1984.



102Idem.



103Idem.



104Otras versiones señalan que la superficie arable de la región representa 7.5% de las tierras totales. CEPAL, Anuario estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe (LC/G.1606-P), 1989, pp. 600-607, Naciones Unidas, E/S.90.II.G.1.



105Secretaría de Agricultura y Recursos Hidráulicos (SARH), Inventario regional del uso del suelo, 1987.



106Juan Gastón y Gloria Sáenz, «Desarrollo agrícola y perspectiva ambiental en la cordillera de la costa chilena», en CEPAL, Avances en la interpretación ambiental del desarrollo agrícola de América Latina, NU-CEPAL, Santiago, 1985.



107L. López Cordovez, «Agricultura y alimentación, evolución y transformaciones más recientes en América Latina», Revista de la CEPAL, 16, Santiago, 1982.



108International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), The state of world rural poverty (ed. I. Jazairy, M. Alamgir y T. Panuccio), New York University, Nueva York, 1992.



109FAO, Land food and people, op. cit.